Ядерна фізика та енергетика Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy   ISSN: 1818-331X (Print), 2074-0565 (Online)   Publisher: Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine   Languages: Ukrainian, English   Periodicity: 4 times per year   Open access peer reviewed journal

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I. F. Hussein^1,*, A. A. Al-Rubaiee¹, A. F. Mkhaiber<sup>2

1</sup> Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Physics, Baghdad, Iraq
² University of Baghdad, Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq

^*Corresponding author. E-mail address: itabfadhil@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

Abstract: This paper investigates extensive air showers by estimating the muon and electron mean arrival time distributions at ultrahigh energies for various cosmic-ray particles. The Monte Carlo package AIRES (version 19.04.00) was used to perform simulations at energies of 10¹⁹ and 10²⁰ eV. The influence of primary particles (p, ⁵⁶Fe, and ¹⁶O), energies, and zenith angles (0°, 10°, and 20°) on the mean arrival time of muonic and electromagnetic shower disks created in an extensive air shower was examined. Parameterized mean arrival time distributions were calculated for secondary particles e^-, e⁺, and μ, created by proton, iron, and oxygen nuclei at energy 10¹⁹ eV in a vertical shower. A polynomial function for these primaries in vertical showers was established using the results of this simulation. The results were compared with the KASCADE-Grande experiment and Sciutto's simulations at energy 10²⁰ eV and θ = 0. In this work the construction of a database that can be used to compute the arrival time of elementary particles is crucial in ultra-high energy ranges through an analytic description between the time structure and the distance distribution.

Keywords: mean arrival time distribution, extensive air shower, AIRES, electromagnetic shower simulations.

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